Actuarial courses have long been offered in the Department of Mathematics at UGM, which at that time was known as the Mathematics Division. The first such course was Introduction to Life Insurance. This course became the forerunner for the subsequent development of Introduction to Actuarial Mathematics. The next actuarial course offered was Risk Theory, which in its early years was covered as a topic within the course Selected Topics in Applied Mathematics. The development of actuarial courses accelerated significantly in 2006, when the Master’s Program in Mathematics introduced actuarial science as one of its areas of specialization. At that time, actuarial science was included under the insurance specialization. With the establishment of this specialization, more actuarial courses began to be offered, such as Actuarial Mathematics, Construction of Mortality Tables, Actuarial Statistical Methods, Risk Theory, and others. read more